Advancing understanding of actinide(iii) (Ac, Am, Cm) aqueous complexation chemistry.

The positive impact of having access to well-defined starting materials for applied actinide technologies - and for technologies based on other elements - cannot be overstated. Of numerous relevant 5f-element starting materials, those in complexing aqueous media find widespread use. Consider acetic acid/acetate buffered solutions as an example. These solutions provide entry into diverse technologies, from small-scale production of actinide metal to preparing radiolabeled chelates for medical applications. However, like so many aqueous solutions that contain actinides and complexing agents, 5f-element speciation in acetic acid/acetate cocktails is poorly defined. Herein, we address this problem and characterize Ac(3+) and Cm(3+) speciation as a function of increasing acetic acid/acetate concentrations (0.1 to 15 M, pH = 5.5). Results obtained via X-ray absorption and optical spectroscopy show the aquo ion dominated in dilute acetic acid/acetate solutions (0.1 M). Increasing acetic acid/acetate concentrations to 15 M increased complexation and revealed divergent reactivity between early and late actinides. A neutral Ac(H(2)O)(6) ((1))(O(2)CMe)(3) ((1)) compound was the major species in solution for the large Ac(3+). In contrast, smaller Cm(3+) preferred forming an anion. There were approximately four bound O(2)CMe(1-) ligands and one to two inner sphere H(2)O ligands. The conclusion that increasing acetic acid/acetate concentrations increased acetate complexation was corroborated by characterizing (NH(4))(2)M(O(2)CMe)(5) (M = Eu(3+), Am(3+) and Cm(3+)) using single crystal X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy (absorption, emission, excitation, and excited state lifetime measurements).