Interrogating the Tumor Microenvironment by Deep Tissue Immunoprofiling

With the modern success of immunotherapy from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy to checkpoint blockade, an understanding of the tumor microenvironment has been more essential than ever. Knowing the key immune players in the tumor can provide the basis for studying cancer host immunity and interactions governing tumor tolerance. This endeavor can be approached in a step like manner-from a broad overview with immunohistochemistry to genomic expression analysis, followed by detailed functional analysis of each cell with multiparameter flow cytometry.