Abstract
The serious side effects caused by chemotherapeutics and the development of cancer chemoresistance represent the most significant limitations in the treatment of cancer. Some alternative approaches have been developed in recent years, which are based on natural compounds, and have allowed important advances in cancer therapeutics. During the last 50 years, sponges have been considered a promising source of natural products from the marine environment, representing ~30% of all marine natural products. Among sponges, the Mediterranean species Geodia cydonium represents a potential source of these type of products with considerable biotechnological interest as pharmaceutical agents. The present study demonstrated the antiproliferative effect of an organic G. cydonium extract (GEOCYDO) against three human mesothelioma cell lines, MSTO-211H (MSTO), NCI-H2452 (NCI) and Ist-Mes2 (Mes2), which differ in their sensitivity (MSTO and NCI) and resistance (Mes2) to standard combined treatment with cisplatin and piroxicam. To this aim, the activity of the extract was evaluated by analyzing its effects on cell viability, cancer properties and cell cycle progression by means of colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis and protein expression analysis. The results revealed, in mesothelioma, this extract was able to reduce self-renewal, cell migration and it could induce cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 stage, thus blocking cell proliferation. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present results indicated for the first time that GEOCYDO can contain active compounds able to affect cell proliferation in mesothelioma, suggesting that it could be considered as a potential novel drug source for cancer treatment.