Conclusion
Increased urinary PGE2 from elevated SNGFR and consequently increased FFSS during early stage of CKD precedes overt microalbuminuria and is a biomarker for early hyperfiltration-induced injury in individuals with SFK.
Methods
Urine samples from children with SFK and controls were analyzed for PGE2, albumin (glomerular injury biomarker) and epidermal growth factor (EGF, tubular injury biomarker). Age, gender, and Z-scores for height, weight, BMI, and blood pressure were obtained.
Results
Children with SFK were comparable to controls except for lower BMI Z-scores. The median values were elevated in SFK compared to control for urine PGE2 [9.1 (n = 57) vs. 5.7 (n = 72), p = 0.009] ng/mgCr and albumin [7.6 (n = 40) vs. 7.0 (n = 41), p = 0.085] μg/mgCr, but not for EGF [20098 (n = 44) vs. 18637 (n = 44), p = 0.746] pg/mgCr. Significant increase in urinary PGE2 (p = 0.024) and albumin (p = 0.019) but not EGF (p = 0.412) was observed using additional regression modeling. These three urinary analytes were independent of each other.