Abstract
Clinical trials of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have produced impressive results in hematological malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, a notable number of patients with DLBCL fail to achieve remission after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy and may therefore require a dual targeted CAR T-cell therapy. A 31-year-old man with refractory DLBCL was assessed in the present case report. The patient was treated with sequential infusion of single CD19 CAR T cells followed by dual CD19/CD22-targeted CAR T cells. The outcome was that the patient achieved partial remission after the first single CD19 CAR T-cell infusion and complete remission after the dual CD19/CD22-targeted CAR T-cell infusion. Grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed after the single CD19 CAR T-cell infusion, while grade 3 CRS and hemophagocytic syndrome were observed after the dual targeted CAR T-cell infusion, but these adverse effects alleviated after the treatments. To the best of our knowledge, the present case report is the first to describe the successful application of dual CD19/CD22-targeted CAR T-cell therapy for the treatment of refractory DLBCL. The report suggests that dual CD19/CD22-targeted CAR T-cell therapy may represent a promising option for the treatment of refractory DLBCL; however, caution should be taken due to potential CRS development.